Reverse engineering means working out what a program does without its source code.
Easy first steps
file progtells you what kind of file it isstrings progprints readable text inside it, often useful hints- A decompiler such as Ghidra turns machine code back into code you can read
Try it
Run strings on a small program and read the output. Then open the same program in Ghidra, find the main function and read what it compares your input against.